Distinctive Architectural Styles
India's architecture was and still is a beautiful thing. There were three types of architecture forms: stupa, vihara, and chaitya. Stupa is the burial cite that contains a relic of the Buddha. Stupas are objects of worship. Chiyatas were prayer halls cut out of rock. Viharas were monasteries. Eventually free-standing structures began developing. Early structures were made of brick or wood. Free-standing temples that were made of stone would be found on the Southern edge of the Gupta Empire. Early Gupta temples were small, contained flat roofs and opulent pillars.
These are the basic parts of a column in Greek architecture.
There were three "orders" that were seen in Greek architecture, especially in the temples. These were the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
Doric was the most basic of the architecture. Originally the Greeks used wood but later switched to stone. Columns without bases were placed close together. Concave curves were often found in the columns. The frieze had vertical grooves called triglyphs. Between the triglyphs were Metopes, which were ornate figures and carvings.
The Ionic order was very similar to the Doric orders. It got its name because it originated from the Ionian islands. When making smaller buildings, Ionic order was used. The two scrolls on either side of the column make this a very recognizable form. There are no Metopes in Ionic orders. The columns are slimmer than the Doric order.
The Corinthian order was supposedly created by Callimachus in the city of Corinth where the order got it's name. It is said that Callimachus got his idea from a goblet that was surrounded by leaves. The columns are similar to Ionic orders, although the Corinthian columns are very opulently decorated with multiple tiers of leaves.
Doric was the most basic of the architecture. Originally the Greeks used wood but later switched to stone. Columns without bases were placed close together. Concave curves were often found in the columns. The frieze had vertical grooves called triglyphs. Between the triglyphs were Metopes, which were ornate figures and carvings.
The Ionic order was very similar to the Doric orders. It got its name because it originated from the Ionian islands. When making smaller buildings, Ionic order was used. The two scrolls on either side of the column make this a very recognizable form. There are no Metopes in Ionic orders. The columns are slimmer than the Doric order.
The Corinthian order was supposedly created by Callimachus in the city of Corinth where the order got it's name. It is said that Callimachus got his idea from a goblet that was surrounded by leaves. The columns are similar to Ionic orders, although the Corinthian columns are very opulently decorated with multiple tiers of leaves.
http://library.thinkquest.org/10098/greek.htmhttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/greek-architecture-doric-ionic-or-corinthian.html
http://sol.du.ac.in/Courses/UG/StudyMaterial/02/Part1/HS2/English/SM-2.pdf
Rebecca Harding
http://sol.du.ac.in/Courses/UG/StudyMaterial/02/Part1/HS2/English/SM-2.pdf
Rebecca Harding
Roman architects also used three types of columns through out their history. The first and most basic type was called the Doric Style. It's plain features weren't as cool looking as the other two types but it did its job and that was to hold up huge and heavy buildings. The Ionic Style was the next type to be used. It was prettier than the Doric but it and the same purpose as the Doric style but it was stronger than the Doric Style. The Cornithian type was the "King of all Columns". It's fine details and size made it out shine the other two types.
Roman buildings were first build with timber but then built with stone and marble. Roman aqueducts were sometimes three levels of arches piled up on top of each other and their buildings enclosed many open areas. When the Romans invented concrete they would pour it into any shape for arches, vaults, and domes. The invention of concrete let the Romans build huge structures. One huge construction was the Temple of Fortune at Praeneste, by Sulla, the ruler in about 80 B.C. The Roman engineers used concrete to make the stands of the Colosseum. The stands held more than 45,00 spectators.
http://www.tribunesandtriumphs.org/roman-architecture/ancient-roman-architecture.htm
http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3753873
The Colosseum
Arch
Aqueducts
Charlene Wilts
Charlene Wilts