Administrative Institutions
In China, the dynasties would have been the ones to create political institutions. Han leader Wu Ti set up bureaucratic training. During the Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huang managed to centralize China's government. Heads of dynasties would also believe that they had a mandate of heaven which would allow them to rule their people.
In the terms of legal systems, Confucianism was a major influence. Confucianism was a philosophy, yet still a "law book" for China. Confucianism believed that humans were made good. Legalism believed that people were already made bad or evil. Because of the fact that some people's self-interest would differ from society, legalism and Confucianism were fused together to create the first coded legal system in China.
http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wcap_4/18/4646/1189489.cw/
http://www.ancientmilitary.com/ancient-china-government.htm
http://globerove.com/china/ancient-china-legal-system/2374
In the terms of legal systems, Confucianism was a major influence. Confucianism was a philosophy, yet still a "law book" for China. Confucianism believed that humans were made good. Legalism believed that people were already made bad or evil. Because of the fact that some people's self-interest would differ from society, legalism and Confucianism were fused together to create the first coded legal system in China.
http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wcap_4/18/4646/1189489.cw/
http://www.ancientmilitary.com/ancient-china-government.htm
http://globerove.com/china/ancient-china-legal-system/2374
In the Persia Empire, there was a decision between adopting an oligarchy or monarchy. Eventually a monarchy was chosen.
"The Achaemenid empire was organized on the basis of a powerful central government with the sovereign King at its head, a strong "satrapy" system governing the various regions, a highly effective and efficient administrative system with a professionalized bureaucracy, a liberal governance policy, a formidable army commanded by the great aristocratic nobility, and a multitude of complex institutions of checks and balances."(eolss.net)
http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c14/e1-34-02-01.pdf
http://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+2.2
"The Achaemenid empire was organized on the basis of a powerful central government with the sovereign King at its head, a strong "satrapy" system governing the various regions, a highly effective and efficient administrative system with a professionalized bureaucracy, a liberal governance policy, a formidable army commanded by the great aristocratic nobility, and a multitude of complex institutions of checks and balances."(eolss.net)
http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c14/e1-34-02-01.pdf
http://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+2.2
Originally, Rome was a monarchy until 509 BC, when it became a republic for 450 years. It then became an empire. During the monarchy, the power was in the hands of magistrates. There were two per year, and they were elected by the people.
In 450 BC, the first Roman law came about. This was twelve rules, known as the 12 Tables. By 300 BC, Roman political power was focused in the senate. Once Rome became an empire, there were problems governing.
http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/HellenicMacedonia/en/A1.7.5.html
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-rome
http://www.law.berkeley.edu/library/robbins/RomanLegalTradition.html
In 450 BC, the first Roman law came about. This was twelve rules, known as the 12 Tables. By 300 BC, Roman political power was focused in the senate. Once Rome became an empire, there were problems governing.
http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/HellenicMacedonia/en/A1.7.5.html
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-rome
http://www.law.berkeley.edu/library/robbins/RomanLegalTradition.html
In India, there was the Caste system. This was a social class system. One could not move up in the sate system, only down. There were the Brahmins at the top, who were priests. The Kshatriyas were next and they were warriors and rulers. Next were the Vaisyas who were traders, merchants, and minor officials. The last were the Pariah. They were untouchables or outcasts.
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~epandit/page2.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/98395/caste |
This is what the caste system would look like.
Rebecca Harding |